Natural vs Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Natural vs Synthetic Fiber Reinforced PolymerConcrete technology as a branch discipline of technology requires increase in the degree of specialization and con loyalation of the persona solid in the cementum matrix form confused materials. It requires knowledge of the concepts related to the interaction in the midst of the subroutine and adhesive cement, mortar or matrix cover that bend the harvest-feastion and constitution of the product. The scientists and engineers bind been actively exploring to find the materials that will be apply as replacement of conventional materials that can provide a feature best new design and innovation to enhance the material.The discipline of grapheme technology is in the line with the growth of knowledge of the material. succeeding(a) the uplifted demand and innovation in applying fictional character, the fictitious character technology has get outd several(a) kinds of fibers effectiveness for commercialization. Participation fiber musical accompaniment in cover, mortar and cement adhesive tap to improve the engineering properties of many establish materials such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as fracture bulwark, bending strength and guard to fatigue, impact, thermal wound or chipping. Consolidation of materials in the form of cement mortar or cover has become an attraction as a building material beca commit of goods and services it is inexpensive, has the resilience and has a compressive strength and stiffness sufficient for restructuring. However, the disadvantages argon find on fragile nature, tensile strength and impact of the weak as well as receptive to moisture movement. Hence, beef up by fibers that adjudge heighten capabilities offer a suitable alternative, practical and economical to bastinado the lack of features of conventional cover or mortar.Elements of a fiber is a continuous filament in the form of an express term tabloid or spreadsheet form. Fibers can generally be categorise into three types man-made fibers, inbred fibers and mineral fibers. Synthetic fibers argon man-made fibers. It is human footd chemicals such as petrochemicals and synthetic substance fibers derived mostly from nylon, polyster, aerylic polymer and polyacrylonitrile fibers utilise to make fiberglass. There is besides a bundle of fibers that make the polymer chain is as strong as aramid and chain bond length as dyneema.While natural fiber derived from natural sources, from industrial plants and animals. Plant fibers ar cellulose and lignin-based stacks such as cotton, jute, coir, fossil oil palm bunches, flax and so on. It can be obtained from seeds (cotton, kapok), leaf (pineapple, banana), leather plant (jute, kenaf, rattan, hemp), fruit (coconut, palm) and straw (rice, wheat, barley, grass). Next, animal fibers derived from protein particles like silk and wool. For mineral fibers, it derived from the earths crust and it happens naturally. It is b ased on asbestos fibers (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, anthophyllite), ceramic fibers (glass wool, quartz, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide) and fiber-metal ( brand, aluminum).However, both of natural and synthetic fiber strengthened cover look at their own challenges and weakness. Nothing is being done without deficiencies. Synthetic fiber however has more(prenominal) than challenges than natural fiber be name of its mathematical product. succeeding(a) development of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete will make us want to investigate more more or less them.OBJECTIVESTo know about polymer concrete and why fiber being reinforced in it.To outline the characteristics of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete.To describe the challenges in environs while using both entangled materials in construction.To describe the future development in both involved materials. habitualations REVIEWPOLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHA RACTERISTICSPolymer concrete is a composite material in which the ligature consists entirely of a synthetic organic polymer. It is variously cognize as synthetic resin concrete, simply resin concrete or plastic resin concrete. Because the use of a polymer instead of Portland cement represents a substantial increase in cost, polymers should be utilize only in applications in which the high schooler(prenominal) cost can be justified by superior properties, gloomy labor cost or low cipher requirements during processing and handling. It is therefore important that architects and engineers dumbfound some knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of polymer concrete materials in order to select the most appropriate and economic product for a specific application.Polymer concrete consists of a mineral filler such as an aggregate and a polymer binder which whitethorn be a thermoplastic, however more frequently, it is a thermo mountain polymer. When sand is utilise as a filler, the composite is referred to as a polymer mortar. Other fillers accommodate chalk, gravel, limestone, small stone, condensed silica fume (silica flour, silica dust), quartz, clay, granite, expanded glass, and metallic fillers. Generally, any dry, non- disembowelent, solid material can be used as a filler.To produce polymer concrete, a monomer or a pre-polymer which mean a product resulting from the partial tone polymerization of a monomer, a hardener (cross-linking agent) and a catalyst ar combine with the filler. Other ingredients added to the flick include plasticizers and fire retardants. Sometimes, silane coupling agents be used to increase the bond strength between the polymer matrix and the filler. To achieve the effective potential of polymer concrete products for certain applications, various fiber reinforcements atomic number 18 used. These include glass fiber, glass fiber-based mats, cloths and metal fiber. Setting times and times for development of maximum stren gth can be readily varied from a few minutes to several hours by adjusting the temperature and the catalyst system. The amount of polymer binder used is generally small and is usually determined by the surface of the filler. Normally the polymer content will range from 5 to 15 per centum of the total weight, but if the filler is fine, up to 30 percent whitethorn be required.Polymer concrete composites have generally unattackable rampart to flak by chemicals and other corrosive agents, good resistance to abrasion, have rattling low water system sorption properties and good marked freeze-thaw stability. Also, the greater strength of polymer concrete in comparison to that of Portland cement concrete permits the use of up to 50 percent less material. This puts polymer concrete on a competitive dry land with cement concrete in certain special applications. The chemical resistance and physical properties are generally determined by the nature of the polymer binder to a greater ex tent than by the type and the amount of filler. In turn, the properties of the matrix polymer are highly dependent on time and the temperature to which it is exposed.The viscoelastic properties of the polymer binder give rise to high creep values. This is a promoter in the restricted use of polymer concrete in structural applications. Its overrefinement response is highly variable depending on formulation the elastic moduli may range from 20 to about 50 GPa, the tensile failure distort being usually 1 percent. Shrinkage strains vary with the polymer used. For example, high for polyester and low for epoxy-based binder. It must be taken into account in an application.A full variety of monomers and pre-polymers are used to produce polymer concrete. The polymers most frequently used are based on four types of monomers or pre-polymer systems methyl methacrylate (MMA), polyester pre-polymer-styrene, epoxide pre-polymer hardener (cross-linking monomer) and furfuryl alcohol. bow 1 Ge neral Characteristics And Applications of Polymer Concrete ProductsPoly (methylmethacrylate)General CharacteristicsLow tendency to absorb water. As a result, high freeze-thaw resistance low rate of shrinkage during and after setting. Outdoor durability and good chemical resistance.Typical Applications utilize in the diligence of faade plates, stair units and sanitary products for curbstones.PolyesterGeneral Characteristics skilful adhesion to other materials, relatively strong, good chemical and freeze-thaw resistance but have high-setting and post-setting.Typical ApplicationsBecause of lower cost, widely used in panels for public and commercial pipes, buildings, floor tiles, stairs, various precast and cast-in applications in construction works. epoxy resinGeneral CharacteristicsStrong adhesion to most building materials, low shrinkage, good creep and fatigue resistance, superior chemical resistance and low water sorption.Typical ApplicationsEpoxy polymer products are relatively costly. They are mainly used in special applications including use in mortar for industrial flooring, skid-resistant overlays in highways, epoxy plaster for exterior walls and resurfacing of deteriorated structures. furane-based polymerGeneral CharacteristicsComposite materials with high resistance to chemicals which most acidic or basic aqueous media, strong resistance to polar organic liquids such as ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated commingles.Typical ApplicationsFuran polymer mortars and grouts are used for brick such as carbon brick and red shale brick, floors and linings that are resistant to chemicals, elevated temperatures and thermal shocks.Source Blaga, A. and Beaudoin, J.J., (1985). Polymer Concrete. Canadian Building allow published November 1985.THE CHARACTERISTICS OF vulcanized fiber AND TOUGHNESS CONCEPTCharacteristics of fiber in use to hardened concrete Fibers should be significantly stiffer than the matrix which has a higher modulus of elasticity t han the matrix.Fiber content by volume must be adequate.There must be a good fiber-matrix bond.Fiber length must be sufficient.Fibers must have a high chance ratio. Means that they must be long relative to their diameter.Toughness is delimitate as the area under a load-deflection (or stress-strain) curve. Adding fibers to concrete greatly increases the toughness of the material. That is, fiber-reinforced concrete is able to sustain load at deflections or strains oftentimes greater than those at which cracking first appears in the matrix.NATURAL FIBER strengthen POLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICSPotential use of natural fiber reinforced concrete in the application of natural fibers has long attracted the attention of researchers. sundry(a) researches has been conducted in many countries for a variety of mechanised properties, physical accomplishment and durability of materials reinforced by natural fibers. Natural fibers are categorized as organic waste from plants such as fiber coconut, sisal, bagasse, jute, timber dust and so on.Natural fiber reinforced concrete is basically a special concrete where it contains fibers with a small diameter, independently and haphazardly distributed in the cement matrix. Uniform distribution in the cement matrix, alter to an increase in the tensile and resistance to cracking, impact and improved the ductileness values for the good aspects of energy absorption. Although many types of fibers were used as reinforce material in concrete, the use of natural fibers had long been in population and there is a lot of evidence of the usage of these fibers in the fib of civilization. Nature has given human the fiber reinforced material in the form of wood, bamboo and other plants. The use of straw in mud bricks and one dollar bill hair in the mortar has the potential of natural fibers.Only in the late 1960s and early 1970s, research began to study the potential use of various types of natural fibers as reinforcement material in the slab concrete and cement-based composite materials. Natural fiber reinforced cement or concrete products that use fibers such as coir, sisal, sugar bagasse, bamboo and so on have been produced and tested in more than 40 countries. For economic reasons in ontogenesis countries where natural fibers is so much available, it is demanding for construction industry players to enhance the advantage of these resources in an effective and economical as to introduce composite materials for residential use and others.Basic needs use of natural fibers as reinforcement material in concrete matrix is tensile strength and high elastic modulus, the bond between the matrix and fiber, good chemical composition, horse barn geometry and good durability.SYNTHETIC FIBER reinforce POLYMER CONCRETE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICSSynthetic fibers are man-made fibers resulting from research and development in the petrochemical and textile industries. There are 2 different physical fiber forms mon ofilament fibers, and fibers produced from fibrillated tape. Currently there are two different synthetic fiber volumes used in application, videlicet low-volume percentage (0.1 to 0.3% by volume) and high-volume percentage (0.4 to 0.8% by volume). Most synthetic fiber applications are at the 0.1% by volume level. At this level, the strength of the concrete is considered unaffected and crack control characteristics are sought. Fiber types that have been well-tried in concrete matrices include acrylic, aramid, carbon, nylon, polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene.The characteristics is depend on the types of synthetics used to reinforced with polymer concrete. Different fiber has different properties. Adding carbon fiber decrease the unit weight of polymer concrete. Carbon fiber provides much higher compressive strength, furrow strength and ductility of polymer concrete. PVC and polypropylene fibers did not significantly persuade the compressive strength and gave the lowest p ulse velocities and modulus.NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE CHALLENGESThe challenges of polymer concrete are the monomers of polymer can be volatile, combustible and toxic. Initiators, which are used as catalysts, are combustible and harmful to human skin. The promoters and accelerators are besides dangerous.Natural fibers are emerging as lightweight, low cost, and more environmentally rather than synthetic fibers in composites. This is because natural fiber production has lower environmental impacts compared to synthetic fiber production.natural fiber composites have higher fiber content for equivalent performance, reducing more polluting base polymer content.the light-weight natural fiber composites improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in the use phase of the component, especially in auto applications.end of manners incineration of natural fibers results in recovered energy and carbon credits.A compound reinforced with natural fibers is not only l ow density, low-cost, and abrasion resistant, it also offers an absence of toxicity and better dimensional stability.Polyester raw material releases high amounts of carbon dioxide. This rapidly increases global warming, which is why polyester and other synthetic fabrics are widely discouraged. The other reason is that some synthetic fabrics come from non-renewable resources such as oil. Eventually rise of these synthetic fibers usage have been create environmental problems such as dumping and recycling. In addition, glass fiber can cause acute irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Mainly concerns have been raised for long term disease such as malignant neoplastic disease and lung scarring. Moreover, when released, glass fiber does not decompose and hence again it results in environmental pollutions, as well as, threaten animal life and nature along.Therefore, one of the solutions is using natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers in create composites materials as t hey are renewable. Also the consumption of renewable resources would provide absolute image for sustainability of green environment. Natural fibers are less harmful to the environment and the society because they are derived from plants and animals which are more eco-friendly. Products which manufactured from natural fabric eventually dissolves into the earth. Plant and animal based fabrics are a part of the evolutionary process of life. They return to the earth to return once more to life.Synthetic fibers are more harmful to the environment because they are enhanced with chemicals. Polyester and nylon fabrics are made from a substance which creates nitrous oxide. Materials that are labeled petrochemical, flame retardants, nylon, acetate and non-wrinkle are all chemically treated. Chemicals which used for the manufacture of synthetic fabrics is harmful and can enter into the water supply and cause health problems. Also workers who are continuously exposed to dangerous chemicals are at risk for developing auto-immune diseases and disease of the lung. Products made from petrochemicals take geezerhood to break down, creating a constant need for landfills. Synthetic products that are given into the ocean are a threat to marine life. The threat to aquatic animals will eventually precipitate a food shortage.Although, synthetic fibers may offer softer fabrics and more durable materials, the long term effect on the environment far outweigh any advantages. The high cost of gasolene along with global awareness of how natural fibers improve overall timber of life will help motivate manufacturers to find more modern ways to utilize natural fibers.NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSynthetic Although not investigated extensively, the use of two or more fiber types in the same concrete mix is considered promising. The decision to mix two fibers may be based on the properties that they may individually provide or simply based on economics. Considerable improvement in the load deflection response was observed mixing steel with polypropylene fibers. In a more late(a) study, steel micro-fibers (25 microns in diameter and 3 mm long) and carbon micro-fibers (18 microns in diameter and 6 mm long) both in mono- and loan-blend- forms were investigated. In the mono-form, steel fiber provided better strengthening than the carbon fiber and carbon fiber provided better toughening than the steel fiber. Interestingly, in the hybrid form (in combination), they both bear their individual capacities to strengthen and toughen. It appears possible, therefore, that by properly controlling fiber properties and cartel them in appropriate proportions, one can actually tailor-make hybrid fiber composites for specifically designed applications.Natural Environmental awareness and depletion of the oil color resources are among vital factors that motivate a number of researchers to explore the potential of reusing natural fiber a s an alternative composite material in industries such as packaging, automotive and building constructions. However, their applications are still restrict due to several factors like moisture absorption, poor wettability and large spread in mechanical properties. Among the main challenges on natural fibers reinforced matrices composite is their inclination to entangle and form fibers agglomerates during processing due to fiber-fiber interaction. So, the research on natural fiber is being done by mercerization manipulation on mechanical properties enhancement of natural fiber reinforced composite or so-called bio composite. It specifically discussed on mercerization parameters, and natural fiber reinforced composite mechanical properties enhancement. It was found that the most parameters used in mercerization treatment were pedestal concentration, fiber soaking temperature and fiber soaking duration. Although similar types of reinforced fiber are used, it could give different val ues in its final composite mechanical properties due to different parameter setting during a mercerization treatment process. Therefore, there is a significant need to conduct further work focusing on main effect and interaction effect of mercerization parameters setting toward enhancement of natural fiber reinforce composite mechanical properties.decisivenessIn conclusion, natural fiber reinforced polymer concrete has more environmentally characteristics than the synthetic one. But, in the context of advantages, synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete has more than natural. Both of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. Because of several characteristics of natural fibers such as moisture absorption, poor wettability and large scattering in mechanical properties, thus it makes reinforcement with polymer concrete a bit less advantageous. Future works will be needed to improve the properties of both natural and synthetic fiber reinforced polymer concrete included with environment impacts.